Vowel digraphs- two vowels that represent a single sound.Long vowel sounds are usual spelled with two vowels next to each other or in the pattern long vowel-consonant-silent e.Vowels are used to represent many different sounds, most a “short” or a “long” sound.These sounds are made by opening the breath channel and allowing the vocal cords to vibrate.The letters a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y and w.ex: gr ( grass), str ( street), sl ( sleep), lt ( belt), ft ( left), ck ( black).

consonant blends- two or three consonants appearing next to each other in words where individual sounds are blended together.

Notice that 'th' can produce two different sounds.

Also, ng ( ring), TH ( then), zh ( leisure).ch ( chair), sh ( sheet), th ( thick), wh ( what), ph ( phone).consonant digraphs- letter combinations for a single sound represented by two letters.x can take the phoneme combinations /g//z/ ( exist), /k//s/ (text), or /z/ ( xylophone).q when accompanied by the vowel u takes the sound /k//w/ ( quiet), or sometimes take the /k/ sound by itself ( critique).c can take the /s/ sound or the /k/ sound.Most have their own specific sound, with the exception of c, q, and x.These sounds are made by closing or restricting breath in speech.The letters b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z.Phonics- The method of teaching beginning reading by explicitly connecting the sounds of spoken language to written language. the ability to apply knowledge of how sounds and letters are related to each other to figure out the pronunciation of words not seen before, this is known as decoding.the ability to recognize words previously seen.the names of letters and the sounds associated with them.the awareness of how spoken sound and written letters relate to each other in the English language.Skills associated with sound-letter knowledge:

Mlpp 4th grade sight words